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Book And Pdf Push Button Agriculture Satellite Guided Management | Full Text
March 31, 2021Apple Academic PressJune 29, 2016Apple Academic PressMarch 16, 2017Apple Academic PressWhere the content of the eBook requires a specific layout, or contains maths or other special characters, the eBook will be available in PDF (PBK) format, which cannot be reflowed. For both formats the functionality available will depend on how you access the ebook (via Bookshelf Online in your browser or via the Bookshelf app on your PC or mobile device). Some of these are well refined and are currently in use, while others are in need of refinement and are yet to become popular. The book provides a valuable source of information on this developing field for those involved with agriculture and farming and agricultural engineering. The book is also applicable as a textbook for students and a reference for faculty. Robotics in Agriculture: Soil Fertility and Crop Management. Drones in Agriculture: Soil Fertility and Crop Management. Satellite-Guided Agriculture: Soil Fertility and Crop Management. Push Button Agriculture: Summary and Future Course. To learn how to manage your cookie settings, please see our. Breadcrumbs Section. Click here to navigate to respective pages. Book Book Push Button Agriculture DOI link for Push Button Agriculture Push Button Agriculture book Robotics, Drones, Satellite-Guided Soil and Crop Management Push Button Agriculture DOI link for Push Button Agriculture Push Button Agriculture book Robotics, Drones, Satellite-Guided Soil and Crop Management By K. R. Krishna Edition 1st Edition First Published 2016 eBook Published 10 March 2017 Pub. COPY ABSTRACT This book covers three main types of agricultural systems: the use of robotics, drones (unmanned aerial vehicles), and satellite-guided precision farming methods. Some of these are well refined and are currently in use, while others are in need of refinement and are yet to become popular. The book is also applicable as a textbook for students and a reference for faculty.
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Please choose a different delivery location or purchase from another seller.Please choose a different delivery location or purchase from another seller.Please try again. Please try your request again later. Some of these are well refined and are currently in use, while others are in need of refinement and are yet to become popular. The book is also applicable as a textbook for students and a reference for faculty. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Show details. Ships from and sold by Lakeside Book Merchant. Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. Videos Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video. Upload video To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyzes reviews to verify trustworthiness. The book provides a valuable source of information on this developing field for those involved with agriculture and farming and agricultural engineering.Some of these are well refined and are currently in use, while others are in need of refinement and are yet to become popular. The book is also applicable as a textbook for students and a reference for faculty. It's not the same as Adobe Reader, which you probably already have on your computer.) See details. Use our troubleshooter to find the solution. Groups Discussions Quotes Ask the Author Some of these are well refined and are currently in use, while others are in need of refinement and are yet to become popular. The book provides a valuable source of information on this developing field for those Some of these are well refined and are currently in use, while others are in need of refinement and are yet to become popular.
The book is also applicable as a textbook for students and a reference for faculty. To see what your friends thought of this book,This book is not yet featured on Listopia.There are no discussion topics on this book yet. Verlagskontakte Some of these are well refined and are currently in use, while others are in need of refinement and are yet to become popular. The book is also applicable as a textbook for students and a reference for faculty. Dabei wird das eBook bereits beim Download auf Ihre personliche Adobe-ID autorisiert. Lesen konnen Sie das eBook dann nur auf den Geraten, welche ebenfalls auf Ihre Adobe-ID registriert sind. Sie benotigen eine Adobe-ID und die Software Adobe Digital Editions (kostenlos). Von der Benutzung der OverDrive Media Console raten wir Ihnen ab. Erfahrungsgema? treten hier gehauft Probleme mit dem Adobe DRM auf.Mit dem amazon-Kindle ist es aber nicht kompatibel. Sie benotigen eine Adobe-ID sowie eine kostenlose App. Gerateliste und zusatzliche Hinweise Regrettably we cannot fulfill eBook-orders from other countries. Technological determinism is the continuous integration of technologies to enhance society and existing processes and practices with little regard to institutional and organizational cultural implications. Without a doubt, technological determinism is a significant contributor for advancing the business and policy uses of technology in farming and agricultural practices. This paper uses relevant food security public policy literature to discuss the benefits and cyber risks to technology-driven food production approaches.Technological determinism is the continuous integration of technologies to enhance society and existing processes and practices with little regard to institutional a nd organizational cultural implications. Wi thout a dou bt, t echnological determinism is a significant contributor for advancing th e business and policy uses of technology in farming and agricultural p ractices.
This paper uses relevant food security public policy literature to discuss the b enefits and cyber risks to technology-driven food production approaches. One of the greatest global issues is food security. The U nite d St at es Cens us Bur eau (2 015 ) proje cts t hat th e w orld po pul atio n wil l r eac h 9.38 bi llio n per sons by 2050, an a ppro xima te 36.5 increa se over the popula tio n in 2010. The agricultural sector is listed as one of 18 critical infrastructures by the U.S. government (GAO, 2015). The business of food production has undergone significant revolutions through the innovations of the In dustrial Revolution, division of labor, genetically modified crops, the growth of sustainability, and use of farming robots, computers, and drones (Anderson, 2014). An Without a doubt, technological determinism is a significant contributor to advancing the use of technology in farming and agricultural practices (An derson, 2014). This article engages in an exploratory public policy d iscussion of food security and the benefits and cyber risks to technology-driven food production appr oaches. Agriculture should also aim to guarantee food security for people. How ever, population expectations do not appear to be declining, or even leveling off.This addiction to chemical agriculture is having significant impacts on the natural environment and human health. Loss of biodiver sity, soil erosion, desertification, reduction of the water table, chemical overloading, and climate change are all linked to our industrial food production (McWilliams, 2009). A systematic approach to sustainable agriculture is i llustrated by the Seven Challenges of the Asilomar Declaration for sustainable agricultur e (Edwards, 2005, pp.
91-93): 1) Prom ote and sustain healthy rural communities; 2) Expand opportunities for new and existing farmers to prosper using sustainable systems; 3) Inspi re the public to value safe and healthy food; 4) Foster an ethic of land stewardship and humaneness in the treatment of farm animals; 5) Expand knowledge access to information about sustai nable agriculture; A contentious issue surrounding GM crops is the patent. GM seeds belong to the company that p roduced them, essentially renting them to the farmers who have t o repurchase each year. Sovereignty understood as the right to decide locally the use and production that does not depend on foreign actors. (B orrell, 2010) However, should the technology move into the public sector it does have the potential to significantly reduce the dependence of chemical inputs and irrigation, while simultaneously increase crop yields (Anderson, 2014). Integrating this technology is o ne way to alleviate some of the issues of food production. There are two major threats to the future of food security in the United States. Second is the finite nature and increasing costs of fossil fuels upon which conventional agricultural practices and food production are dependent (Carolan, 2013). In 2011, the US imported approximately 20 of the food consumed while the American farmer exported 45 percent of their wheat, 3 4 percent of their soybeans, 71 percent of their almonds, and more than 60 percent of their sunflower oil (FDA Imports, 2012; USDA, 2012). The monoculture environment of agriculture supported by federal food policy is influencing the American diet and as a r esult, the basic food security requirement of nutrition is n ot being met. The In 2010, no state had a prevalence of obesity less than 20; today more than one -third of adults (35.7) are obese and approximately 17 (or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2-19 years are obese (CDC, 2012).
A national epidemic and a form of food insecurity, obesity is the result of a lack of attention from b oth the public and private sectors on nutrition, diet, and exercise. To make matters worse, obesity is most prevalent in low-income adolescents (Beebout, 2006). Dietary reform will require education at the earliest ages, continued improvements in food labeling and possibly most important, an overhaul of the USDA Farm Bill crop subsidies that promote Land restoration an d resource conservation are being addressed through land conversion to organic farming and permaculture. The USDA Farm Bill currently includes support programs for sustainable development, conversion from conventional farming, and the development and use of renewable energy (to name a few) (Natural Resource Conservation Service, 2012). Given the US Farm Bill has paid out more than 14 bil lion dollars annually to farmers of subsidized crops over the last 10 years (some years were over 20 billion) it a seems a bit of budgetary reallocation could go a long way in supporting innovation and funding sustainable development (Masterson, 2011). Gradually that definition evolved to include both a demand and supply side p erspective, recognizing that access to nutritious food is an important part of the equation. The focus is o n the individual, their nutritional status, their well-being and their level of risk f or undermining food security. There are four main bureaucratic dimensions of food security: 1) physical availability of food or food supply; 2) economic and physical access, whereby an adequate supply is no t enough to guarantee access to that food supply; 3) food utilization or the nutritional content of the food, and 4) stability of the three fact ors above over time, through political, economic or natural disaster or crisis, whereby a deficiency in any one of the three above can result in food insecurity.
(FAO, 2008) This paper will discuss economic and ph ysical access within low- income communities in the United States to nutritious foods. These factors are not mutually exclusive; one impacts upon the other. For example, rising individual incomes lead to increased demand and pressures on supply, but it also leads to changes in diet, in particular, a greater consumption of meat and meat products. The current industrial model of animal raising is unsustainable and fosters a dependency o n fossil fuels, which in turn Addressing supply and dependency on fossil fuel concerns has led to an increase in biofuels, particularly in the United States, which in turn raises food prices due to competition for grains in the marketplace. To assure food security in the face of certain population growth, our agricultural production, process, and policy need an overhaul. Begi nning with the way we educate our citizens about the interrelatedness of diet and health (Carolan, 2013). The other area of focus is the use of new technologies to increase food production and lo wer food production costs o f he althier foods. 5. Discussion of the propositions 5.1. New farming technologies that can improve food production management Labor shortages are occurring in various parts of the world. Japan is dealing with a workforce shortage where an aging population is negatively affecting the farm labor supply. Companies are leveraging technological advances to meet the gap in the growing demand for farm laborers on corporate farms. Engineering involves technologies that extend the reach of agriculture to new means, new places and new areas of the economy. Automation will help agriculture via large-scale robotic and microrobots to check and m aintain crops at the plant level (Krishna, 2016). Air and soil sensors enabl e a real-time understanding of current farm, forest or body o f water conditions (Krishna, 2016).
Equipment telematics allows m echanical devices such as tractors to warn mechanics that a failure is likely to occur soon (Krishna, 2016). Livestock biometrics can automatically identify and relay vital information about the livest ock in real time (Krishna, 2016). High-resolution crop sensors inform application equipment of correct a mounts needed (Krishna, 2016). Optical sensors or drones are able to identify crop health across the field (Krishna, 2018).It includes the control station(s), communication links, data terminal(s), launch and recovery systems, ground support and air traffic control interface (Krishna, 2018 ). UAV Actuators are used as a mechanism to induce or control motion in mechanical systems. These devices are operated by a source of energy, typically electric current, hydraulic fluid pressure, or pneumatic pressure, to transform an input signal (usually electrical) into motion. Actuators are used in flight control, including stabilization, autopilots and vibration control (Krishna, 2018). UAV payload is the equipment installed to perform a specific task an d include for example high and low-resolution cameras or video cameras, day and night reconnaissance equipment, warfare machinery weapons, cargo and generally any equ ipment required fo r the mission the UAV is designed to perform. In agriculture, the payload serves usually for surveillance (using cameras and various optical and non -optical sensors), or delivery (e.g., pesticide, fertilizer) (Krishna, 2016; Krishna, 2018). UAV sensors provide information needed to operate the aircraft and collect valuable information related to tas ks (Krishna, 2018). A minimal autopilot system includes attitude sensors and onboard processor. Com mon sensors are radar and photo or video camera (Krishna, 2018). However, in the case of UAV, there is a medium the data link between the pilo t at the ground control station and the aircraft.
The data link is susceptible to se curity threats including spoofing, hijacking, and jamming. Theoretically, a hacker can create false UAV signals, jam the data link or even hi-jack the data link and take the control of UAV. Because data links are vital to the safety and seamless functioning of the UAV, this issue is important. These capabilities are indicative of farming and agriculture stakeholders’ embracing technological determinism thinking. New innovation techniques using automation technologies are expected to boost production by over 100 per day.Internet of things devices will continue to incr ease in agricultu re and farming, whi ch increases the susceptibility to cyber incidents. Another driver for the application of information communication technology (ICT) in agriculture affordability accompanied by the miniaturization of devices and mobile applications. I n fact, the Wo rld Bank listed the five following factors as enablers for advancing ICT in agric ulture (Szilagyi, R., 2012): 1) Affordability and hyperconnectivity; 2) Adaptability and mobile applications; 3) Enhanced business models and collaboration; 4) Data storage capabilities and exchanges; 5) Public sharing of agricultural data and social media. Given that food supply is a global issue it is imper ative to increase the use of ICT in less populated areas and less developed countries in search for new farmland and opportunities. The use of drones, remotely operated tractors, irrigation systems, and automated water supply are becoming common technologies in the farming and agricultural industries (Lowenberg-DeBoer, 2015). The aforementioned technologies support precision agriculture by reducing waste and predicting crop production (Lowenberg-DeBoer, 2015). The use of the internet, wireless communications, and cloud computing will continue to advance support to farmers and the global agriculture industry; however, with the expansion of ICT comes nefarious activity by malicious hackers.
For example, cyber security and information security is an annual billion industry. Therefore, the ascendancy of ICT in farming and agriculture requires stakeholders to increase cyber awareness, cybersecurity best practices, and cyber strategy development for the agri culture industry. Critical infrastructure is deemed as priz ed U.S. capabilities that will cause a catastrophic failure to vital services if attacked or disrupted. There are 18 critical infrastructures in which 85-90 percent of these critical services are owned by private industries (Nobles, 2016). As agriculture and food stakeholders integrate hyperc onnected and WSN capabilities to enhance food quality and production a paralleling concern is the porous nature of ICT capabilities. The U.S. The agriculture and farming sector will become increasingly vulnerable to the integration of ICT, clo ud computing, big data analytics, WSN, and the IoT, which threats food production. Currently, the financial, healthcare and retail industries remain the to p cyber targeted sectors; yet, it is only a matter of time before malicious cyber actors target agriculture and farming. According to Chi, Welch, Vasserman, and Kalaimannan (2017) the agriculture and farming cyber ecosyste m require scientific foundational underpinning to support critical data and the engineering aspects of the systems. In the cyber realm, the preponderance of organizations re mains reactiv e to cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities; hence, stakeholders need to escalate the urgency of addressing the lack of cybersecurity protection and defenses in the agriculture because it is a critical infrastructure and so the global good supply can remain unthreatened. Process improvements towards greater efficiency in lettuce production should reduce dependency on human lab or, allowing almost 100 of water used for plant growth to be recycled, and reduce electricity consumption by a third of the current demand (McCurry, 2016).
New hardier plant designs are expected to reduce dependency on pesticides while improving levels of nutrients and anti-oxidants (Mc Curry, 2016). By embracing new technology, current farm production facilities expect to attract and retain younger and more tech-savvy future talent (McCurry, 2016). While solar far ms do n ot produce food, they do produce el ectricity but often generate opportunity costs due to the large requirement for the limited commodity of land (Fehrenbacher, 2016). Environmental groups are increasingly pressuring large solar energy companies to re-evaluate their use of open lands by establishing areas for conservation prohibiting the proliferation o f solar panel farms (Fehrenbacher, 2016). Solar energy producers are utilizing new technology in the form of aerial drones to replace the boots on the ground surveys often taking weeks and months normally completed by humans (Fehrenbacher, 2016). 3D imaging software is allowing solar farm designers to optimize the layout of solar panels to reduce the overall footprint of the solar farms (Fehrenbacher, 2016). Designing solar farms in areas as compact as possible redu ces operational and construction costs while cooperating with agricultural farms in the same area (Fehrenbacher, 2016). Technological advances in the design o f the solar panels and their support foundations allow movement with the sun such that fewer panels are required on the acreage, thereby increasing the output of energy per acre (Fehrenbacher, 2016). New technology utilization reduces the need to use vital agricultural lands for the production of electricity thereby enhancing agricultural land use emphasizing the need for greater environmental awareness of limited resources required for food production (Fehrenbacher, 2016). Rather than subsidizing corn and soy products, policymakers can influence healthier consumption of unprocessed foods containing fewer added sugars, fat s or salts (Sturm and Yach, 2013).
Affordability correlates directly with healthy consumer choices (Par k, 2016). Economics affect the ability of lower-income individuals to purchase higher cost produce. Reducing the costs of fresh produce af fects the numbers of heart disease cases (Park, 2016). Estimates show as little as a ten percent lower prices in healthy foo d choices could prevent over half a million heart-related deaths and alm ost 700,000 heart attacks by the year 203 0's (Park, 2016). Just adding one additional serving of fruits or vegetables could pre vent over 3 million deaths from heart disease in 2 years (Park, 2016). Policymakers armed with information based on technolog y and data harvesting of consumer food choices correlated with disease prevention can make better-informed decisions (Park, 2016). Funding research and subsidizing healthy foods while penalizing unhealthy food purchases has to potential to improve the overall health of a co untries population (Par k, 2016). Public policy affecting the health and welfare of individuals warrants further study and action necessary to alter unhealthy consumer behavior (Park, 2016). Technology advances and research have the potential to increase productivity and redu ce costs of healthy produce making healthy eating a way of life (Park, 201 6). Savings realized in reduced health care costs can be used to encourage increased production and consumption of garden produce (Park, 2016). Longevity and lower incidence of disease are positively correlated to lower caloric intake from fru it and vegetable consumption (Willcox, Suzuki, Donlon, Qimei, Grove, 2013). Since the 1930's consumers in the United States have spent lower percentages of disposable income on food (Desilver, 2014). The percentage of disposable income used to buy food fell from over 30 percent to less than 10 percent in the last 90 years (Desilver, 2014). However, caloric intake rose over 20 percent in the same timeframe.
Researchers argue having great er access to cheaper but healthier produce does not necessarily co rrelate to a thinner population (Desilver, 2014). While few disagree with the benefits of healthy dietary choices by eating more fruits and vegetables, increased caloric intake often results in weight gain despite the additional consumption of produce (Desilver, 2014).Applying the correct amount of fertilizers, and plant nutrients for a proper soil base are required to maximize farm yields (Anderson, 2014). Soil samples can be analyzed using GPS coordinates combined with drone technology to better analyze the soil base for optimal plant seeding, gro wth cycles, and harvesting techniques (Chuchra, 2016). Nutrient monitoring for both plants and consumption based on av ailable rainfall or irrigation practices can better allow farmers and researchers to know what plants need in certain soil types and how to implemen t better weed control (Anderson, 2014). 6. Final summation With global populations are expected to reach 9 b illion by 2050, the need for greater agricultural capacity is ever increasing (Chuchra, 2016). Drone technologies leverage machines and information allowing for improve ments in farming practices and processes (Chuchra, 2016). Smart mobile machines are capable of monitoring individu al crop health in terms of nutrient, insecticide, pesticide, and water requirement Anderson, 2014). Arial agricultural drones offer farmers advanced sensing and imaging capabilities f or increasing yields and reducing crop damage (Anders on, 2014). Smart m obile machines can enable farmers and researchers to monitor crop disease, parasites, and perform a host of mechanical actions such as weeding, planting, prun ing, and harvesting (Chuchra, 2016). The rate of technology development an d the degree of innovation in future technologies will greatly influence the stability, and certainly the productivity, of farming and food production (Chuchra, 2016).
Before 2000 these inn ovations were focused on areas like genetically modified crops, advances in the use of nutrients, and new pest co ntrol products (Chuchra, 2016). Today these advances include the use of farming drones, farming ro bots, Farming robotic technology allows additional manpower without the human limitations to tend to crops, collect soil samples, apply water, spray pesticides, perform mechanical weeding, mowing, harvesting crops, and even accumulate data with the use of sensors and cameras (Chuchra, 2016). Agricultural drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have the ability to use sensors to track weather changes, data imagery, and data analysis to improve efficiency and farming results (Chuchra, 2016). These new technologies and ro botic advances have great potential increase crop yields; proacti vely address issues with soil erosion; and improve farming environmental impacts through the reversal of the loss of soil carbon (Chuchra, 2016). However, it is vital to protect these technological capabilities from malicious actors to ensure the agricultural sector remains capable of producing an ample food supply. These new technologies are creating the need for new educational and new awareness programs to inform and train farmers on the existence and utilities of these new advances and processes to include cybersecurity awareness programs. This awareness should include university and high school programs where students studying agriculture work students in robotics, computer science, cyber security, information security, and engineering are required to engage learning team projects that require them to work with farmers and food producers on actual farms. This would ensure that these technologies are b eing utiliz ed correctly. These technologies should also be included in funding related to humanitarian aid and hunger aid in developing and underserved countries as a means of advancing the food security of those worldwide. References Anderson, C.
(2014). Agri cultural Drones. Relatively ch eap drones with advanced sensors and imaging capabilities are giving farmers new ways to increase yields and reduce crop damage. Retrieved November 10, 2018, from: Beebout, H. S. (2006). Nutrition, Food Security, and Obesity. ACM Transactions on Internet Tec hnology (TOIT), 16 (4), 1-7. Borrell, J. (2010). Food Security Under Siege: An Approach to Social and Geopolitical I mplications of the Second Green Revolution: The Argentinean Case. International Journal of In terdisciplinary Social Sciences, 5 (7), 283- 293. In ICMLG2017 5th In ternational Conference on Management Leadership and Governance (p. 90). Academic Conferenc es and publishing limited. Chuchra, J. (2016, October 7). Drones and robo ts: Revolutionizing farms of the future. Pew Research. Retrieved November 10, 2018, from Edwards, A. R. (20 05). Th e Sustainability Revolution: Portrait of a paradigm shift. British Columbia, Canada: New Society Publishers. Economic and social developmen t department. Retrieved November 10, 2018, from from FAO (2008). An introduction to the basic concepts of food security. Food security information for action: Practical guides. Retrieved November 10, 2018, from from FDA Imports (2012). How M uch of US Food is Imported. R etrieved November 10, 2018, from Fehrenbacher, K. (2016, September 20). Environ Health Perspect, 112 (14): A820-A823. GAO (2015, November). Critical inf rastructure protection: Sector-specific agencies need to better measure cybersecurity progress.Los Angeles: Apple Academic Press. Lowenberg-Deboer, J. (2015, June). Th e precision agricultur e revolution. Making the mo dern farmer. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 46 (1 -2), 1-12. World population, agriculture, and malnutrition. World Watch Magazine. Economic research services USDA. Retrieved November 10, 20 18, from Speth, J. G. (2008). The Bridge at the Edge of the World: capitalism, the environment, and crossing from crisis to sustainability.
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