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Boeing Aircraft Manuals <- [Unlimited EBook]
We can't connect to the server for this app or website at this time. There might be too much traffic or a configuration error. Try again later, or contact the app or website owner. Login Login to post comments. Make a donation Advertise Want to advertise on Volvotips. Check out our advertising program. These service manuals will help you to repair your Volvo 940, fix some small things, service the car and how to install accessories and upgrades. Also the wiring diagrams of the 940-series car can be found in the service manual. You can find it here. Also included are the service bulletins and service hints by Volvo. The service manuals includes the B200, B230, B204 and B234 (all those 4-cylinder engines are known as “redblocks”) and also the D24 diesel engines (also the turbodiesel and turbodiesel with intercooler engines). These service manuals and parts catalogs can be viewed at Volvotips but aren’t allowed to be downloaded. Instead of a downloadable PDF I created online Flash-version (sort of e-book) of all Volvo-manuals and catalogs which can be browsed through in your webbrowser. Some other repair manuals are a HTML-version. To view the Volvo 900-series servicebooks and Volvo 940 greenbooks just click on the links below so you can watch them instantly. Please note: to view these repair manuals Adobe Flash is required, if you don’t have it click here to download and install it. At the index you can find at which page the information can be found where you’re looking for and scroll down to get to the right page. Please keep in mind some of the service manuals are pretty large in filesize, so it can take a while before it’s completely downloaded. Please note: a lot of parts and components of the Volvo 940 are shared with the Volvo 240 and 260, and the Volvo 740, 760 and 780. Most of the repair manuals below are of a Volvo 200-series or 700-series but can be used for the Volvo 900-series as well.
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It’s a pretty general section, but very useful for servicing your Volvo 940 with the right service interval. For some markets there was also a 5-cylinder engine available (the D20 diesel engine) which was exactly the same engine but with one cylinder less. These service manuals describes the D20 (5-cylinder diesel engine without turbo), D24 (6-cylinder diesel without turbo), the D24T (6-cylinder diesel engine with turbo) and the D24TIC (6-cylinder diesel engine with turbo and intercooler).These manuals will help you to service your Volvo 940 diesel yourself. Just like the rest of the service manual a lot of components and parts of the Volvo 940 are shared with the Volvo 200-series and 700-series. That’s why a lot of sections of the service manuals below are from these models. Just like the rest of the service manual: a lot of the parts of a Volvo 700-series car is shared with the Volvo 200-series and 900-series. That’s why the service manuals below can be used for all of these model series. It covers the repair of the brakes, changing brake pads, brake discs and calipers, replacing the brake servo and master cylinder, how to bleed the braking system and several other fixes of the brakes. The repair manual of the braking system of the 940 is the same as for the Volvo 740. Most of these manuals are written for the Volvo 700-series but the Volvo 940 is actually exactly the same car as the Volvo 740 (only the dashboard and boot were changed). That’s why you can use the same service manuals for the Volvo 740 for your 940. Commercial use and publishing at other websites of these items is prohibited.Could you please also post it too. Thanks ! Log in to Reply Volvotips says: November 11, 2013 at 22:41 I will. Working on a 940 with B230FK at the moment. Log in to Reply Volvotips says: September 4, 2017 at 19:11 Not yet. Still working on it! ?? Log in to Reply Leave a Reply Click here to cancel reply. You must be logged in to post a comment.
If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Ok No Read more. We’ve checked the years that the manuals coverYou’ll then be shown the first 10 pages of this specific. Then you can clickSpam free: Maximum of 1 email per monthSpam free: Maximum of 1 email per month. CHECKING FLUID LEVEL 1) Ensure vehicle is level. Apply parking brake and gear selector lever to “P” position. Start and idle engine. Move gear selector lever through all gears, while pausing 4-5 seconds for engagement at each position. 2) Return gear selector lever to “P” position. Wait 2 minutes and check fluid level with engine idling. Level should be between MIN and MAX marks. Disconnect filler tube and remove oil pan. 2) Remove and clean oil strainer. Install strainer. Tighten strainer bolts to 18-25 INCH lbs. (2-3 N.m). Install oil pan with new gasket. Tighten bolts to 42 INCH lbs. (5 N.m). Tighten filler tube to 65 ft. lbs. (88 N.m). 3) To flush oil cooler, disconnect fluid return pipe from transmission. Place end of pipe in container. Add about 3.5 qts. (3. 4L) of fluid in transmission. 4) Start engine and let idle. Turn off engine when clean oil comes out of pipe. Connect pipe and fill transmission. ADJUSTMENTS NOTE: Adjustment procedures for some models are not available. GEARSHIFT CABLE 850 1) Shift gear selector lever to “R” position. Disconnect gearshift cable at transmission rod arm. Move transmission rod arm forward to “P” position. See Fig. 2. NOTE: Do not move transmission cable to adjust selector lever position. Transmission cable position must not be altered. 2) Ensure vehicle is in Park by attempting to roll vehicle. Move transmission rod arm to “R” (next position). Apply a small amount of grease to rod arm pin. Carefully reinstall cable on transmission rod arm. Ensure gear selector does not move during installation. 3) Move gear selector lever to “N” position. Push lever forward, but do not touch lock button. Play should be felt.
Move gear selector lever to “D” position. Push selector lever backward, but do not touch lock button. Play should be felt. Fig. 2: Adjusting Rod Arm Courtesy of Volvo Cars of North America. GEARSHIFT LINKAGE 940 1) Engine should start in Neutral or Park only. Back-up lights should only operate in Reverse. Gear selector should be vertical in Park. If gear selector is not vertical, proceed to next step. 2) Place gear selector in Park. Loosen lock nuts for actuator and selector rods. See Fig. 3. Ensure transmission lever is in Park. Rotate output shaft on transmission until it locks. 3) Place gear selector in a vertical position, or slightly forward, and tighten lock nut. Push reaction lever lightly rearward until a slight resistance is felt. Tighten lock nut to 42 INCH lbs. (5 N.m). 4) Ensure free play between pin and stop in Drive and Neutral is less than or equal to play between pin and stop in “3” and “2” positions. NEUTRAL SAFETY SWITCH Neutral safety switch is located at bottom of selector lever. No adjustment is necessary. SHIFT INTERLOCK SYSTEM Testing and adjustment information for shift interlock system is not available. See WIRING DIAGRAMS. WIRING DIAGRAMS Fig. 4: Shift Interlock System Wiring Diagram (1995-96 850) Fig. 5: Shift Interlock System Wiring Diagram (1995 940) Fig. 6: Shift Interlock System Wiring Diagram (1995-96 960) Disclaimer: Volvotips has the exclusive courtesy of Volvo Car Corporation and Volvo Cars Heritage to publish the Volvo Greenbooks (service manual), parts catalogs and other Volvo-material and publications. Commercial use and publishing at other websites of these items is prohibited. No related posts. Leave a Reply Click here to cancel reply. DOES NOT include removal and installation. CAUTION: Vehicle is equipped with a Supplemental Restraint System (SAS). When servicing vehicle, use care to avoid accidental air bag deployment.
SRS-related components are located in steering column, center console, instrument panel and lower panel on instrument panel. DO NOT use electrical test equipment on these circuits. If may be necessary to deactivate SRS before servicing components. Refer to the following: 1992 models, see: AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM 1993 models, see: AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM 1994 models, see: AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION Transmission can be identified by identification plate attached at right rear of transmission case. Identification plate contains transmission model, year of manufacture and transmission part number. See Fig. 1. Transmission model number may be AW30-40LE or AW30-43LE. Fig. 1: Locating Transmission Identification Plate Information Transmission is a 4-speed overdrive electronically controlled automatic transmission. Transmission consists of lock-up torque converter, oil pump, 3 planetary gear sets, clutch and brake units, accumulator pistons, valve body and 4 electronic valve body solenoids. Valve body with solenoids and Transmission Control Module (TCM) are used for controlling transmission operation. Solenoids are controlled by TCM. TCM receives input signals from various components to determine transmission shift points and torque converter lock-up. Components consist of mode selector switch, throttle position sensor, transmission speed (RPM) sensor, gear position sensor, transmission oil temperature sensor, brake switch and kickdown switch. See Fig. 2. Transmission is equipped with a mode selector switch. Switch is used for normal, high performance and winter driving conditions. Transmission is also equipped with a shift lock and key interlock system. Shift lock system prevents shift lever from being moved from Park position unless brake pedal is applied. In case of malfunction, shift lever can be released by depressing shift lock override button, located near shift lever.
Key interlock system prevents ignition switch from being moved from ACC to LOCK position unless shift lever is in Park position. Fig. 2: Locating Transmission Components BRAKE SWITCH Brake switch is an input device mounted above the brake pedal. When brake pedal is applied, brake switch delivers an input signal to the TCM. TCM uses input signal to control No. 3 solenoid for torque converter lock-up. GEAR POSITION SENSOR NOTE: Gear position sensor may also be referred to as neutral safety switch. Gear position sensor is an input device mounted on the transmission manual valve shaft. Sensor delivers an input signal to TCM, indicating transmission manual valve gear position. KEY INTERLOCK SYSTEM With ignition key in ignition switch, place shift lever into “P” position. Ensure ignition key can be installed and removed from ignition switch with ease. If key is difficult to remove, key interlock cable is too short. Adjust cable as necessary. Move shift lever to position other than Park. Ignition key should not be removable from ignition switch. If key can be removed, cable is too long. KICKDOWN SWITCH Kickdown switch, located at firewall on accelerator cable, sends input signal to TCM when accelerator pedal is fully depressed. TCM uses input signal for controlling transmission downshifting and torque converter lock-up. MODE SELECTOR SWITCH Mode selector switch, located to left of shift lever, has 3 different modes which effect transmission shift points. Input signal from mode selector switch is sent to TCM. TCM uses input signal for controlling transmission shifting and torque converter lock-up. “E” (Economy) mode, is for normal driving and provides early upshifts combined with lock-up as often as possible for top 3 gears. Transmission line pressure is modulated to provide smooth gear engagement. In “S” (Sport) mode, transmission shift points are designed to provide the highest possible performance.
Under normal acceleration, transmission shifts occur the same as in economy mode. During increased acceleration, TCM selects shift and lock-up points for best possible performance. “W” (Winter) mode prevents wheel spin on slippery surfaces. Transmission starts out in high gear. When “W” mode is selected, warning light on dash is illuminated. This mode may also be used when driver wants to control gear selection. OIL TEMPERATURE SENSOR Oil temperature sensor, located on right side of transmission, forward of gear position sensor, measures transmission fluid temperature and delivers an input signal to TCM. TCM uses input signal for controlling transmission shifting and torque converter lock-up. SHIFT LOCK OVERRIDE FUNCTION Move shift lever to “P” position and turn ignition key to (I) or (II) position. Press override button. Shift lever should move from “P” position. Return shift lever to “P” position and remove ignition key. Shift lever should not move from “P” position. Override function should operate only when ignition key is in (I) or (II) position. TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE (TCM) TCM is located under instrument panel, to right of steering column. See Fig. 3. TCM determines shift points and torque converter lock-up timing based on input signals received from various components. Components consist of mode selector switch, throttle position sensor, transmission speed (RPM) sensor, gear position sensor, transmission oil temperature sensor, brake switch and kickdown switch. TCM contains a self-diagnostic system which stores a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC). If a transmission problem exists, DTC(s) can be retrieved to determine transmission problem area. Fig. 3: Locating Transmission Control Module (TCM) Courtesy of Volvo Cars of North America. TRANSMISSION SPEED (RPM) SENSOR Electromagnetic RPM sensor, mounted in transmission housing, is activated by a toothed impulse wheel. Sensor is an input device which delivers an RPM signal to the TCM.
By comparing transmission RPM and vehicle speed, TCM calculates torque converter slippage. THROTTLE POSITION (TP) SENSOR Throttle position sensor, mounted on throttle body, determines throttle position and delivers an input signal to TCM. TCM uses input signal for controlling transmission upshifts and torque converter lock-up. VALVE BODY SOLENOIDS Valve body solenoids, mounted on the valve body, are output devices controlled by signals received from the TCM. The No. 1 and No. 2 solenoids are used to control transmission shifting. No. 3 solenoid is used to control torque converter lock-up. No. 4 solenoid is used to control transmission line pressure. For valve body solenoid usage, see VALVE BODY SOLENOID APPLICATION table. TROUBLE SHOOTING Preliminary Checks Ensure fluid level is correct. Inspect throttle cable, kickdown cable and gear position sensor. Check idle speed RPM and adjust as necessary. NOTE: Manufacturer recommends transmission assembly replacement only. Manufacturer does not provide mechanical trouble shooting or overhaul information. Shift transmission into “D” position. Set mode selector switch to “E” position. Test drive vehicle and ensure all upshifts and downshifts occur at specified speeds. See SHIFT SPEED SPECIFICATIONS table. Ensure lock-up occurs at appropriate speeds. See LOCK-UP SPEED SPECIFICATIONS table. Lightly depress accelerator. If excessive increase in engine RPM exists, lock-up did not occur. NOTE: Lock-up in 2nd gear occurs when transmission oil temperature exceeds 257 F (125 C) on AW30-40 transmission or 239 F (115 C) on AW30-43 transmission. Lock-up in 3rd gear occurs when transmission oil temperature exceeds 140 F (60 C). Lock-up in 4th gear occurs when transmission oil temperature exceeds 86 F (30 C). “L” Position While driving vehicle in “L” position, check for failure to upshift to 2nd gear. Check engine braking effect when accelerator pedal is released. “R” Position Shift vehicle into “R” position.
Accelerate vehicle and check for transmission slippage. “P” Position Stop vehicle on incline of 5 degrees or steeper. Shift vehicle into “P” position and release parking brake. Ensure parking pawl prevents vehicle from moving. TIME LAG TEST Engine and transmission must be at normal operating temperature. Apply service and parking brakes. Using stop watch, measure time until engagement shock is felt when shift lever is shifted from “N” to “D” position. Allow one minute intervals between tests. Perform time measurement several times and calculate average time. Time should be less than.7 seconds. Repeat test procedure to test time lag when shift lever is shifted from “N” to “R” position. Time lag should be less than 1.2 seconds. If test time is not as described, check transmission line pressure. See HYDRAULIC PRESSURE TEST. Lock-up in 4th gear occurs when transmission oil temperature exceeds 86 F (30 C). STALL SPEED TEST Operate engine and transmission at normal operating temperature. Connect tachometer to vehicle and ensure it is visible to driver. Apply parking brake and block all 4 wheels. CAUTION: DO NOT maintain stall speed RPM for more than 5 seconds. Transmission damage may occur. Depress accelerator to full throttle and note maximum RPM obtained. Repeat test in “R” position. For stall speed specifications, see STALL SPEED SPECIFICATIONS table. If fluid color and odor is normal, replace torque converter. If fluid is discolored or has a burnt smell, manufacturer recommends replacing transmission as an assembly. NOTE: If stall speed RPM is greater than 600 RPM lower than specification and poor acceleration exists, torque converter may be faulty. HYDRAULIC PRESSURE TEST Ensure transmission is at normal operating temperature. Connect pressure gauge to line pressure test port. See Fig. 4. Connect tachometer to vehicle and ensure it is visible to driver. Block drive wheels and fully apply parking brake. Start engine and let idle.
Apply service brake and shift transmission into “D” position. Check line pressure at idle and record pressure reading. Accelerate engine to stall speed and record line pressure reading. Repeat test procedure in “R” position. If line pressures are not as specified, check throttle cable adjustment. Adjust throttle cable as necessary, and repeat test procedure and record pressure readings. Compare all readings to specification. See LINE PRESSURE SPECIFICATIONS table. Check self- diagnostic system for trouble codes. See SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM. If no trouble codes are found, manufacturer recommends replacing transmission as an assembly. Fig. 4: Locating Line Pressure Test Port Courtesy of Volvo Cars of North America. Mark drive shaft location at transmission flange for reassembly reference. Remove 4 nuts securing drive shaft to flange. Secure drive shaft aside. Free staked area of flange nut. Secure flange to prevent rotation. Remove flange nut and flange. Using appropriate puller, remove extension housing seal. To install, reverse removal procedure. Lubricate seal lip prior to installation. Install NEW “O” ring on flange. Install NEW flange nut. Apply Loctite to flange nut threads prior to installation. Tighten flange nut to 91 ft. lbs. (123 N.m) and stake to secure. Install drive shaft. See CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY. Remove retainers securing accumulator pistons and springs. Apply compressed air to transmission case oil ports to remove accumulator pistons and springs from transmission case. Note direction and location of springs and pistons for reassembly reference. Measure accumulator piston spring free length and outside diameter. Replace springs if not within specification. Refer to the ACCUMULATOR SPRING SPECIFICATIONS table. Replace accumulator piston seal rings prior to installation. Lubricate seal rings with ATF. Ensure components are installed in correct direction and location. Components may fall from case when control valve assembly is removed.
Secure components in case using retainers prior to removing control valve assembly. Removal Raise and support vehicle. Remove transmission drain plug and drain fluid. Remove wiring harness from clips on oil pan. Remove oil pan bolts and remove oil pan. Remove 3 oil strainer bolts and oil strainer. Remove 2 bolts securing solenoid wire harness. Disconnect 4 valve body solenoid wire connectors, noting wire color and locations. Loosen 18 control valve assembly bolts. Lower control valve assembly slightly. Secure accumulator pistons, springs and non- return valve in transmission case using retainers. Remove control valve assembly bolts, noting length and location of bolts for installation reference. Remove control valve assembly. Installation To install, reverse removal procedure. Ensure accumulator pistons, springs and non-return valve are installed in correct locations. Ensure control valve assembly bolts are installed in correct locations. Tighten oil pan bolts to 62 INCH lbs. (7 N.m). Tighten drain plug to 15 ft. lbs. (21 N.m). GEAR POSITION SENSOR NOTE: Gear position sensor may also be referred to as neutral safety switch. Ensure transmission is in “N” position and parking brake is applied. Raise and support vehicle. Remove exhaust pipe and heat shield. Remove shift rod arm from manual shaft on left side of transmission. Disconnect 8-pin gear position sensor connector. Remove cooler inlet tube from transmission. Note position of gear position sensor prior to removal. Remove nut with locking washer and rubber washer. Remove gear position sensor bolt and sensor. Tighten sensor bolt to 62 INCH lbs. (7 N.m). Tighten shift rod arm nut to 13 ft. lbs. (18 N.m). Ensure sensor is installed in correct position. TRANSMISSION OVERHAUL NOTE: Manufacturer does not provide transmission overhaul information or specifications. If internal malfunction occurs to transmission, manufacturer recommends replacing transmission as an assembly.
SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE When performing vehicle diagnosis; Ensure transmission fluid level is correct and fluid is neither contaminated nor aerated. Ensure battery is fully charged. Perform visual inspection, ensuring all electrical connections at transmission, TCM, throttle position sensor, gear position sensor, speed sensor and brake switch are clean and properly installed. Repair diagnostic trouble codes in order displayed. NOTE: Volvo scan tool and Volvo diagnostic unit can be used in 6 different system test functions using manufacturer’s instructions to activate system components and perform several tests on transmission. See SYSTEM TEST FUNCTIONS. SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Signals from various sensors are monitored continuously by TCM. If certain signals are lost or become faulty, TCM will cut off electrical signal to transmission components to protect transmission. TCM adopts fixed substitute values (limp-home mode) to enable vehicle to be driven when certain failures occur. Warning indicator light will illuminate. Transmission will not shift gears due to lack of electrical signal. Transmission will operate in 4th gear in “D”, and in 3rd gear in “L” position. Manual shifting is possible into all other shift lever positions. When starting off in limp-home mode, shift lever should be in “L” position to minimize transmission wear. Faults are recorded in TCM memory in the form of Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC’s). Codes can be displayed using LED on Volvo diagnostic unit or by using Volvo Diagnostic Key Scan Tool. Diagnostic unit is located in engine compartment at left strut tower. Diagnostic unit is equipped with an LED indicator, activation button and function select cable. See Fig. 5. Fig. 5: Identifying Diagnostic Unit Components Courtesy of Volvo Cars of North America. Diagnostic unit output socket No. 1 is used to retrieve TCM diagnostic codes.
Once function selector cable has been inserted in correct socket, depressing button 1-6 times selects from 1 to 6 control (system test) functions. Depress button and keep depressed for more than one second (but not more than 3 seconds). DTC’s stored in memory are read by observing diagnostic unit LED flashes. Observe LED and count number of flashes to determine DTC. If LED does not flash, see DIAGNOSTIC UNIT LED DOES NOT FLASH. All codes contain 3 digits (example: 2-1-3). Since all codes have 3 digits, each code requires 3 series of flashes. A 3-second interval separates each series of flashes. See Fig. 6. For DTC definition, see DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE DEFINITION table under TROUBLE CODE DEFINITION. Fig. 6: Counting Red LED Code Flashes For Code 2-1-3 Courtesy of Volvo Cars of North America. DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FAULTS Diagnostic Unit LED Does Not Flash Disconnect diagnostic unit. Turn ignition on. Check for voltage at diagnostic connector terminal No. 4. If voltage is not present, check fuse and wiring. If voltage is present, turn ignition off. Connect an ohmmeter between diagnostic connector terminalNo. 8 and ground. Ohmmeter should indicate approximately zero ohms. If reading is not approximately zero ohms, check wiring. If wiring is okay, replace diagnostic unit. Measuring unit also is used to check individual circuit resistance without influence from other systems. Disconnect negative battery cable. Locate TCM under instrument panel, to right of steering column. See Fig. 3. Remove TCM connectors. Press adapter into TCM connector base. Press TCM connectors into adapter. CLEARING CODES Codes can be cleared only after all DTC’s have been displayed and first DTC has been repeated at least once. To clear DTC, turn ignition on. Press test button on diagnostic unit and hold for more than 5 seconds. Wait for LED response. Press button again and hold for more than 5 seconds. LED should go out when button is released. Ensure codes have been cleared by pressing button once.
If LED displays code 1-1-1, codes have been cleared. TCM LOCATION TCM is located under instrument panel, to right of steering column. See Fig. 3. SYSTEM TEST FUNCTIONS CAUTION: Never disconnect or connect TCM connector with ignition switch in ON position. NOTE: Follow tool manufacturer’s instructions if retrieving codes with Volvo Diagnostic Key Scan Tool. Volvo Self-Diagnostic System System is capable of self-diagnostic functions through the use of diagnostic unit in engine compartment, or manufacturer’s scan tool. Access to diagnostic system is provided by socket No. 1 on diagnostic unit with ignition on. See Fig. 5. System has 6 test modes.
Constables are typically promoted once during their service, and normally retire as head constables. This could weaken their incentive to perform well. However, convictions have been low. In 2015, convictions were secured in 47 of the cases registered under the Indian Penal Code, 1860. The Law Commission has observed that one of the reasons behind this is the poor quality of investigations. For example, Rajasthan and West Bengal had shortages of 75 and 71 respectively in required weaponry with the state police. For example, in 2015-16, only 14 of such funds were used by the states. To ensure that such power is only used for legitimate purposes, various countries have adopted safeguards such as making police accountable to the political executive and creating independent oversight authorities. However, the Second Administrative Reforms Commission has noted that this power has been misused, and ministers have used police forces for personal and political reasons. Hence, experts have recommended that the scope of the political executive’s power must be limited under law. In a large and populous country like India, police forces need to be well-equipped, in terms of personnel, weaponry, forensic, communication and transport support, to perform their role well.State police forces are primarily in charge of local issues such as crime prevention and investigation, and maintaining law and order. While they also provide the first response in case of more intense internal security challenges (e.g., terrorist incident or insurgency-related violence), the central forces are specialised in dealing with such conflicts. For example, the Central Reserve Police Force is better trained to defuse large-scale riots with least damage to life and property, as compared to local police. Further, the central forces assist the defence forces with border protection. It also extends intelligence and financial support to the state police forces.
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